Coronary irrigation in Puma concolor (Carnivora: Felidae) / Irrigación coronaria en Puma concolor (Carnivora: Felidae)

This study described the anatomy of the coronary arteries and their main branches in Puma concolor. The hearts of six individuals of Puma concolor, were analyzed. The A. coronaria sinistra formed the ramus interventricularis paraconalis and the ramus circunflexus. A ramus septal was formed close to the origin of the ramus interventricularis paraconalis and yielded from six to eight ventricular branches. The circumflex branch originated from two to five atrial branches and from three to seven ventricular branches. The right coronary artery formed two to six atrial branches, and four to nine ventricular branches. In half of the individuals, an accessory coronary artery was identified as the first branch of the right coronary artery. In all individuals, the subsinusal interventricular branch originated in the right coronary artery. It could be inferred that coronary circulation in Puma concolor is balanced, as each coronary artery yielded an interventricular branch and there was no significant difference in the total number of branches that originated from each coronary artery. These findings are different from the descriptions of most carnivore species, and may aid a better understanding of the phylogenetic relationships and synapomorphies of carnivore coronary circulation, especially in the Felidae family.

En este estudio se describió la anatomía de las arterias coronarias, y sus principales ramas, en el Puma concolor. Se analizaron los corazones de seis especímenes de Puma concolor. La arteria coronaria izquierda formó la rama interventricular paraconal y la rama circunfleja. Una rama septal se formó cerca del origen de la rama paraconal y otorgó de seis a ocho ramas ventriculares. La rama circunfleja originó de dos a cinco ramas atriales y de tres a siete ramas ventriculares. La arteria coronaria derecha originó de dos a seis ramas atriales y de cuatro a nueve ramas ventriculares. En la mitad de los especímenes, se identificó una arteria coronaria accesoria como la primera rama de la arteria coronaria derecha. En todos los individuos, la rama interventricular subsinusal se originó en la arteria coronaria derecha. Se podría inferir que la circulación coronaria en el Puma concolor es equilibrada, ya que cada arteria coronaria produce una rama interventricular y no hay diferencia significativa en el número total de ramas que se originan de cada arteria coronaria. Estos hallazgos son diferentes de las descripciones de la mayoría de las especies carnívoras y pueden ayudar a una mejor comprensión de las relaciones filogenéticas y de las sinapomorfias de la circulación de los carnívoros, especialmente en la familia Felidae.

Systematization, distribution and territory of the caudal cerebral artery on the brain's surface of the turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) / Sistematização, distribuição e território da artéria cerebral caudal na superfície do encéfalo em peru (Meleagris gallopavo)

Thirty Meleagris gallopavo heads with their neck segments were used. Animals were contained and euthanized with the association of mebezonium iodide, embutramide and tetracaine hydrochloride (T 61, Intervet ) by intravenous injection. The arterial system was rinsed with cold saline solution (15°C), with 5000IU heparin and filled with red-colored latex. The samples were fixed in 20% formaldehyde for seven days. The brains were removed with a segment of cervical spinal cord and after, the dura-mater was removed and the arteries dissected. The cerebral carotid arteries, after the intercarotid anastomosis, were projected around the hypophysis, until they reached the tuber cinereum and divided into their terminal branches, the caudal branch and the rostral branch. The rostral branch was projected rostrolateralwards and gave off, in sequence, two collateral branches, the caudal cerebral and the middle cerebral arteries and the terminal branch was as cerebroethmoidal artery. The caudal cerebral artery of one antimere formed the interhemispheric artery, which gave off dorsal hemispheric branches to the convex surface of both antimeres. Its dorsal tectal mesencephalic branch, of only one antimere, originated the dorsal cerebellar artery. In the interior of the cerebral transverse fissure, after the origin of the dorsal tectal mesencephalic artery, the caudal cerebral artery emitted occipital hemispheric branches, pineal branches and medial hemispheric branches, on both antimeres. The caudal cerebral artery's territory comprehended the entire surface of the dorsal hemioptic lobe, the rostral surface of the cerebellum, the diencephalic structures, the caudal pole and the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere and in the convex surface, the sagittal eminence except for its most rostral third. Due to the asymmetry found in the caudal cerebral arteries' ramifications, the models were classified into three types and their respective subtypes.

Foram utilizadas 30 cabeças com o segmento de pescoço deMeleagris gallopavo. Os animais foram contidos e eutanasiados com a associação de iodeto de mebezônio, embutramida e cloridrato de tetracaína (T 61 Intervet ), via endovenosa. O sistema arterial foi lavado com solução salina resfriada (15°C), com 5000UI heparina e preenchido com látex corado em vermelho. As peças foram fixadas em formaldeído a 20% por sete dias. O encéfalo foi removido com um segmento de medula espinhal, a dura-máter removida e as artérias dissecadas. As artérias carótidas do cérebro, após a anastomose intercarótica, projetaram-se contornando a hipófise até alcançarem o túber cinéreo e dividiram-se em seus ramos terminais, o ramo caudal e o ramo rostral. O ramo rostral projetou-se rostro-lateralmente emitindo em sequência seus dois principais ramos colaterais, as artérias cerebral caudal e cerebral média terminado-se como artéria cerebroetmoidal. A artéria cerebral caudal de um antímero formava a artéria inter-hemisférica que lançava ramos hemisféricos dosais para a face convexa de ambos os antímeros. Seu ramo tectal mesencefálico dorsal de apenas um antímero originava a artéria cerebelar dorsal. No interior da fissura transversa do cérebro após a origem da artéria tectal mesencefálica dorsal artéria cerebral caudal lançou ramos hemisféricos occipitais, ramos pineais e hemisféricos mediais em ambos os antímeros. O território da artéria cerebral caudal compreendeu toda a superfície do hemi lobo óptico dorsal, a face rostral do cerebelo, as estruturas diencefálicas, o polo caudal e a face medial do hemisfério cerebral e na face convexa do hemisfério cerebral a eminência sagital exceto seu terço mais rostral. Devido à assimetria encontrada nas ramificações das artérias cerebrais caudais, foram classificados os modelos em três tipos com seus respectivos subtipos.

A systematic study of the brain base arteries in the turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) / Sistematização das artérias na base do encéfalo e suas fontes de suprimento sanguíneo em peru (Meleagris gallopavo)

Thirty heads with neck segments of turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) were dissected for a systematic study of the arteries. The frequency of the arteries found was: Cerebral carotid artery, intercarotid anastomosis and internal ophthalmic artery (100 percent). Caudal branch of the cerebral carotid artery to the right (R) vestigial artery (70 percent) and developed (30 percent) and to the left (L) developed (70 percent) and vestigial artery (30 percent). Ventral tectal mesencephalic artery in (70 percent) to R and (30 percent) to L was the direct branch of the cerebral carotid artery to L (70 percent) and to R (30 percent) collateral branch of the developed caudal branch. Basilar artery to L in (70 percent) and to R (30 percent) formed from the developed caudal branch; rostral ventral cerebellar artery present (86.7 percent) and absent (13.3 percent) to R and L. Caudal ventral cerebellar artery to R single (73.3 percent), double (23.3 percent) and triple (3.3 percent); caudal ventral cerebellar artery to L single (73.3 percent) and double (26.7 percent). Dorsal spinal artery branch of caudal ventral cerebellar artery to R (80 percent) and to L (73.3 percent). The rostral branch of cerebral carotid artery showed as collateral branches the single caudal cerebral artery to R (100 percent) and to L (96.7 percent) while in (3.3 percent) it was double. The middle cerebral artery was single to R and L (100 percent). Cerebroethmoidal artery to R and L (100 percent) with its collateral branch to single rostral cerebral artery (90 percent) to R and (86.7 percent) to L and double (10 percent) to R and (13.3 percent) to L. Ethmoidal artery to R and to L (100 percent) single. The cerebral arterial circle was rostrally and caudally opened, so that the cerebral blood supply was exclusively made by the carotid system.

Trinta cabeças de peru (Meleagris gallopavo), com segmento de pescoço, foram dissecados para o estudo sistemático das artérias. As maiores ocorrências das artérias foram: Artéria (A.) carótida do cérebro, anastomose intercarótica e A. oftálmica interna (100 por cento). Ramo caudal da carótida do cérebro à direita (D) vestigial (70 por cento) e desenvolvido (30 por cento) e à esquerda (E) desenvolvido (70 por cento) e vestigial (30 por cento). A A. tectal mesencefálica ventral em (70 por cento) à D e (30 por cento) à E foi ramo direto da A. carótida do cérebro à E (70 por cento) e à D (30 por cento) ramo colateral do ramo caudal desenvolvido. A A. basilar à E em (70 por cento) e à D (30 por cento) formou- se do ramo caudal desenvolvido. A. cerebelar ventral rostral presente (86,7 por cento) e ausente (13,3 por cento) à D e E. A. cerebelar ventral caudal à D única (73,3 por cento), dupla (23,3 por cento) e tripla (3,3 por cento). A. cerebelar ventral caudal à E única (73,3 por cento) e dupla (26,7 por cento). A. espinhal dorsal ramo da A. cerebelar ventral caudal à D (80 por cento) e à E (73,3 por cento). O ramo rostral da A. carótida do cérebro apresentou como ramos colaterais a A. cerebral caudal à D única (100 por cento) e à E (96,7 por cento) já em (3,3 por cento) era dupla; A. cerebral média única à D e E (100 por cento). A. cerebroetmoidal à D e E (100 por cento) com seu ramo colateral a A. cerebral rostral única (90 por cento) à D e (86,7 por cento) à E e dupla (10 por cento) à D e (13,3 por cento) à E. A. etmoidal à D e à E (100 por cento) única. Observou-se que o círculo arterial cerebral foi aberto rostralmente e caudalmente e o suprimento de sangue para o encéfalo foi exclusivamente pelo sistema carotídeo.